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In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews, by Robert Chazan
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In 1996 the world commemorates the 900th anniversary of the First Crusade or, more precisely, of the pogroms unleashed by the crusade upon the Jews of the Rhineland. In the Year 1096... presents a clear, highly readable chronicle of the events of 1096. Noted teacher and historian Robert Chazan brings readers to critical moments in Jewish history, illuminating the events themselves, their antecedents, and their far-reaching consequences. Equally important, his book assesses the significance of the events of 1096 within the larger framework of Jewish history, including both the scope of persecution and the record of Jewish resistance. He has created a dramatic portrait of the clash between three conflicting forces in medieval Europe: the German crusaders, the Rhineland burghers, and the Rhineland Jews. His book provides an extensive look at the Christian assaults and the intense Jewish responses, with much material translated directly from remarkable Hebrew narratives which are admirable for both the vividness of their description and the complexity of the portrait they provide. Chazan tells the story of 1096 in "grays, " not blacks and whites; that is, he relates stories of Christian enemies, but also of Christian friends, and of Jewish martyrs, but also of Jewish negotiators and converts. The author devotes the second half of In the Year 1096... to tracing these events through the intervening nine centuries of Jewish history. In the second part he surveys the Jewish perception of 1096 over the ages, including both the neglect of these events in some quarters and their emphasis in others; he places 1096 within the lengthy history of anti-Jewish actions and thinking, and examines theunusual behaviors of the Rhineland Jews within the context of historic Jewish responses to persecution.
- Sales Rank: #1878821 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Jewish Publication Society of America
- Published on: 1996-04-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .91" h x 6.28" w x 9.36" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 200 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Kirkus Reviews
A plodding study of the background, dynamics, and historical treatments of the Rhineland massacre of Jews in the First Crusade. Chazan (Hebrew and Judaic Studies/New York Univ.) turns a potentially compelling article into an overly long book, with needless repetition and analysis, and too many awkward sentences like the following: ``The foregoing survey of the destruction of the Jewish communities of Worms, Mainz, and Cologne has served to concretize this sense of an unanticipated crisis seemingly erupting overnight.'' What does emerge are some insights into a uniquely gory and (possibly) glorious chapter of diaspora Jewish history from nine hundred years ago. We learn that the pope-inspired crusade was taken over by out-of-control German peasant mobs, aided by local burghers who wanted Jews eliminated as competitors rather than killed in Christ's honor. To avoid torture and forcible conversion by the towns' bloodthirsty mob, almost the entire Jewish population of 3,000 opted for suicide. While the sketchy records of this unique bloodbath are liturgical in style, elegiac in tone, and written 36 years after the fact, Chazan analyzes them as though they were scripture. He quotes Maimonides in pointing out the problems of Jewish law involved with parents slaughtering their children, but there are other occasions where Chazan seems to have little grasp of basic Jewish theology. He does not, for instance, see antimaterial and antisexual passages as aberrant. As Chazan views the events of 1096 in historical perspective, he sees the political struggle of Masada eclipsing the religious conflict of the Rhineland as the modern paradigm of extreme Jewish resistance in the face of imminent destruction. Given its limitations, the book will chiefly be of interest to students of medieval Jewish history. (History Book Club selection) -- Copyright ©1996, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Jews,Crusaders, and the Church - A New Perspective
By Anna Pilatova
This book fulfills its promise: it examines carefully the impact of the 1096 events on the Ashkenazi Jewry. The author uses striking passages from contemporary chronicles to illustrate his points while giving the reader the opportunity to form his or her own opinion about the events there described (the chronicles are found, in a highly readable translation and in full lenght, in the appendix). This book challenges the commonly held view that the first crusade lead to a wide spread destruction of Ashkenazi communities and precipitated their movement to the east. While several leading centres of Ashkenazi intellectual life were destroyed, they were quickly rebuilt and the decline of Rhine Jewry did not occur until the 13th century (in connection with the great plague). Chazan focuses of the diversity of Jewish response to immediate threat which ranged locally from the effort to disperse into the countryside to taking refuge in palaces, and individually from conversion to martyrdom. The kiddush Hashem again is far from uniform, ranging from acceptance of death my enemy's hand and suicide, to a new, activist form of taking other Jew's life to prevent him or her from falling into the hand of the enemy. The talmudic precedents for each of these patterns of behavior are discussed. Finally, this is also a highly novel view on the Jewish-Christian relation in those turbulent times. Written with erudition as well as ease, this is not only an informative, but also very absorbing reading experience.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Recommended
By Stanley F. Levine
Very readable, the history backed up with striking, and sometimes heart-rending, eye-witness reports from both Christians and Jews. He conveys the truth that those involved were not just a series of names or stereotypes from the distant past but real individuals with their own, often conflicting, reactions. It changed many of my assumptions about this event. Very convincingly argued, even in those few instances where I might disagree with some aspect of the conclusion he draws. And that is another virtue of this book - Chazan has a definite thesis, yet he presents enough of the story and the evidence in this short study to allow the reader to construct his/her own perspective on the event.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Three Stars
By Leif Blumenau
Good reference, but too repetitive to enjoy to enjoy stretch reading
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